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Today the unicorn is legendary, or mythical. But this was not always
so. At one time the unicorn existed--or, at least, was thought to exist.As
described in ancient scientific writings and depicted in painting and
tapestry, the unicorn was a beautiful horse-like creature with a sing..."
Today the unicorn is legendary, or mythical. But this was not always
so. At one time the unicorn existed--or, at least, was thought to exist.As
described in ancient scientific writings and depicted in painting and
tapestry, the unicorn was a beautiful horse-like creature with a single
long horn thought to have medicinal properties. Respected ancient
scholars, such as Aristotle and Pliny, mention them existing in their
day. But today unicorns have gone the way of fairies, elves, and
trolls. Belief in such creatures was abandoned with the 18th century
Enlightenment. Oddly enough, however, the unicorn remained a fixture in
the Bible until the 19th century."How could that be?" one may well ask.
TheChristians who wrote the New Testament did not use the Hebrew
Old Testament, but rather its Greek translation, as sacred Scripture.
In the Greek Old Testament eight passages describe an animal having
only one horn (monokeros) as a translation for the Hebrew word re'em.In
the late fourth century, the Old Testament was translated into Latin
(the Vulgate) using both the Greek and Hebrew.
In some of the passages
above the Vulgate translates the Hebrew re'em as "rhinoceros" and
others as "unicorn." All Christians used the Vulgate until the 16th
century, at which time Martin Luther translated the Bible into German —
the first time the Bible was ever translated into a modern European
language. Luther used only the Hebrew, for the Old Testament.
Nevertheless, he still translated re'em as unicorn.Later William
Tyndale, using only the Hebrew, likewise translated re'em as unicorn,
and so did theKing James Version of 1611. In the 19th century,
however, scholars decided that the Hebrew re'em did not really mean
unicorn, but rather wild buffalo. Thus Christians from the fourth
century well into the 19th found the unicorn in the Bible. The first
English language edition to read "wild ox" for the Hebrew re'em was the
American Standard Version of 1901. Today, "wild ox" has become the
accepted English translation for re'em.The Greek Orthodox
Church, however, still uses the ancient Greek version of the Jewish
Bible as their Holy Scripture. Where it differs from the Hebrew (and it
often does), they believe the differences are due to divine
inspiration. Unicorns, therefore, still exist in their Bible, as they
existed for all Christians until the 19th/20th centuries.So the
question boils down to this: Did scholars change re'em to "wild ox"
because they knew unicorns were mythicalan......
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Rise of the Phoenix:
There are Chinese, Japanese, Russian,
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