"
The Roman Catholic Church, headquartered in
Rome, Italy, has its own powerful City-State, the Vatican, and claims over 968
million members worldwide and 60 million in the U.S. and Canada (as of 1996).
(Catholic membership figures are considerably misleading, though, in that they
count as..."
The Roman Catholic Church, headquartered in
Rome, Italy, has its own powerful City-State, the Vatican, and claims over 968
million members worldwide and 60 million in the U.S. and Canada (as of 1996).
(Catholic membership figures are considerably misleading, though, in that they
count as members every person who has been baptized Catholic, including millions
of people who were baptized as infants but who are not practicing Catholics.)
The Roman Catholic Church, in its pagan form, unofficially came into being in
312 A.D., at the time of the so-called "miraculous conversion" to Christianity
of the Roman Emperor Constantine.
Although Christianity was not made the
official religion of the Roman Empire until the edicts of Theodosius I in 380
and 381 A.D., Constantine, from 312 A.D. until his death in 337, was engaged in
the process of simultaneously building pagan temples and Christian churches, and
was slowly turning over the reigns of his pagan priesthood to the Bishop of
Rome. However, the family of Constantine did not give up the last vestige of his
priesthood until after the disintegration of the Roman Empire -- that being the
title the emperors bore as heads of the pagan priesthood -- Pontifex
Maximus -- a title which the popes would inherit. (The popes also
inherited Constantine's titles as the self-appointed civil head of the church --
Vicar of Christ and Bishop of Bishops.)
Prior to the time of Constantine's "conversion," Christians were persecuted not
so much for their profession of faith in Christ, but because they would not
include pagan deities in their faith as well. Then, with Constantine's emphasis
on making his new-found Christianity palatable to the heathen in the Empire, the
"Christianization" of these pagan deities was facilitated. For example, pagan
rituals and idols gradually took on Christian meanings and names and were
incorporated into "Christian" worship (e.g., "saints" replaced the cult of pagan
gods in both worship and as patrons of cities; mother/son statues were renamed
Mary and Jesus...
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