Talk about a dilemma: next year has been labelled the International Year of Astronomy because it marks the 400th anniversary of Galileo's first use of the telescope. Unfortunately, as it is the 200th anniversary of Darwin's birth, 2009 has also been appropriated as Darwin Year. Both anniversaries have good claims on our attention, so at New Scientist we find ourselves unable to decide which year matters most.It's an unfair question, of course. Galileo and Darwin worked in different fields, in different eras and under different cultural pressures. But never ones to duck a challenge, we put the issue out for peer review.The question is simple: who hasdone more to knock humanity off its pedestal? The man who showed humans to be the latest in a long line of animals? No, says Lawrence Krauss: anyone who was looking could have seen that humans were animals.
So, then, the man who demonstrated beyond doubt that the Earth is not at the centre of anything? Not for Matt Ridley: "Who cares which ball of rock goes round which?" he asks.
If it were
left to Darwin and Galileo to argue their supremacy, there is no doubt
that Galileo would come out on top. His house arrest, which lasted his
post-publication lifetime, was imposed after he defended his
convictions before one of the most formidable authorities in Europe,
the Catholic church's Inquisition, in 1633. A great polemicist, Galileo
spent much of his energy on vigorous self-justification. Darwin, on the
other hand, shrank from controversy,leaving others to argue his cause.
Was Darwin copping out, or
letting the work speak for itself? His attitude to public
pronouncements about his lost faith gives us a clue. Unwilling to
offend his wife and family with his new-found disregard for God, he
described his religious position using the newly coined term
"agnostic". Darwin was a quiet pragmatist who was unwilling to knock
anyone's pedestal from beneath them.
Having said that, Galileo's
Catholic faith was completely unshaken by his discovery. Does that
count against him when considering our question? Some will see it as a
self-imposed "so what?" for the greatest astronomical discovery of all
time.
Regardless of what each man
believed, Galileo has had more impact in the long term. Far more people
believe the Earth goes round the sun than believe people arede......
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